For the American diplomats in Iran’s capital of Tehran, the morning started off like any other workday in their volatile corner of the world.
It was November 4, 1979, and there were students outside the U.S. embassy’s walls chanting “Death to America!” But the diplomats had grown accustomed to such demonstrations. Earlier that year, the people of Iran had overthrown that nation’s increasingly unpopular shah (or king), Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, and students were angry at the U.S. for long bolstering the monarch.
Suddenly and swiftly, events spiraled out of the Americans’ control. Dozens of the students scaled the embassy compound’s heavy metal gate while others
Following a plan mapped out weeks earlier, the students rounded up the embassy workers, bound and blindfolded them, and paraded them before television news cameras. The Americans would be held hostage, they declared, until the U.S. turned over the shah—who had fled Iran and was receiving medical treatment in New York—for trial.
Thus began one of the most humiliating and consequential episodes in recent American history, a crisis that kept 52 Americans in terrifying, dispiriting, and sometimes physically abusive conditions for 444 days—more than a year and two months. The hostages were finally freed on January 20, 1981—40 years ago.
The Iranian hostage crisis, as it came to be known, has poisoned relations between the U.S. and Iran ever since. Although there have been periodic efforts at engagement, the relationship has been marked by confrontation after confrontation, most recently concerning Iran’s nuclear weapons program.