Researchers have long believed that in prehistoric societies, men hunted while women gathered plant foods. But archaeologists studying an ancient Peruvian burial site recently came to a different conclusion: Some hunters were female. They found a grave containing 9,000-year-old female remains and a set of hunting tools. The team then looked at previously studied burial sites in the Americas and concluded that 30 to 50 percent of ancient hunters may have been female. Some experts aren’t convinced, however, saying women could have been buried with the tools for different reasons. But other researchers say it makes sense that prehistoric women would have hunted, as large groups of people would have been needed to bring down big game. The discovery is especially timely in light of modern discussions on gender inequality, says lead researcher Randy Haas: “It’s now clear that sexual division of labor was fundamentally different—likely more equitable—in our species’ deep hunter-gatherer past.”