SOURCES
For area: Encyclopedia Britannica
For population, percent change in population per year: World Bank and World Population Review
For urban population percent, percent population under 15, and per capita GDP: World Bank
For capitals: GeographyFieldwork.com and news accounts
For languages: World Book Encyclopedia and Encyclopedia Britannica
For political system: Based on information from Freedom House (a nonprofit human rights organization) and its annual publication Freedom in the World; and on news accounts
For head of government (as of September 2026): Based on information from the GeoCities “Rulers” website (rulers.org) and news accounts
For literacy rate: World Bank and World Atlas
For life expectancy: United Nations Population Fund
For date of origin: World Book Encyclopedia and Encyclopedia Britannica
For HDI: Human Development Report 2026 (United Nations Development Programme)
Unless otherwise noted, most figures are the latest available as of May 2026; heads of government as of September 2026