Via TikTok

Can You Trust What You See on TikTok?

As the midterm elections approach, false information is running rampant on the social media platform

TikTok is quietly becoming a political force all over the world. In the United States, plenty of people—especially teens—increasingly rely on the platform for election information, news updates, and fact-checking commentary.

But while TikTok can be a great option to learn about political topics that interest you, there’s a problem: It’s also full of dangerous misinformation, experts say.

During recent elections around the globe, this misleading information has caused real trouble. In Germany, for example, TikTok accounts impersonated prominent political figures during the country’s last national election. In Colombia, TikTok posts allowed a woman to masquerade as a candidate’s daughter. In the Philippines, TikTok videos amplified myths about the country’s former dictator and helped his son win the country’s presidential election.

Now the U.S. is facing similar issues as November’s midterm elections approach. According to researchers, the same qualities that allow TikTok to fuel viral dance fads—the platform’s enormous reach, the short length of its videos, its powerful but poorly understood recommendation algorithm—can also make inaccurate claims difficult to contain.

Conspiracy theories are widely viewed on TikTok, which globally has more than 1 billion active users each month. Although the platform has blocked some political topics, such as the #RiggedElection hashtag, there are still videos urging viewers to vote in November while citing debunked rumors. For example, TikTok posts have garnered thousands of views by claiming, without evidence, that predictions of a surge in Covid-19 infections this fall are an attempt to discourage in-person voting.

Facebook and Twitter

Other social media platforms such as Facebook and Twitter have struggled with free speech and moderation issues too, but experts point out that it’s particularly challenging for TikTok, as video and audio can be more difficult to moderate than text, especially when they’re posted with a tongue-in-cheek tone.

“When you have extremely short videos with extremely limited text content, you just don’t have the space and time for nuanced discussions about politics,” says Kaylee Fagan, a research fellow at the Harvard Kennedy School’s Shorenstein Center on Media, Politics and Public Policy.

TikTok was still largely considered an entertainment app for younger people during the 2020 presidential election. But today, it’s becoming increasingly important as a destination for political content. And its use has grown, with its American user base spending an average of 82 minutes a day on the platform, twice as long as on Instagram or Facebook, according to app analytics firm Sensor Tower.

TikTok videos can be especially challenging to moderate.

TikTok insists it’s committed to combating false information. In the second half of 2020, it says, it removed nearly 350,000 videos that included false election information and manipulated media, and the platform’s filters kept an additional 441,000 videos with unsubstantiated claims from being recommended to users. In addition, the service announced this August that it would be launching an election information portal, which will pop up when a user searches for an election-related hashtag and connect them with authoritative election information, such as how to register to vote. Researchers including Fagan also say TikTok has worked to shut down problematic search terms, although its filters remain easy to evade with creative spellings.

“We take our responsibility to protect the integrity of our platform and elections with utmost seriousness,” TikTok said in a statement. “We continue to invest in our policy, safety, and security teams to counter election misinformation.”

Fact Checking the News
How misinformation spreads, and strategies for separating fact from fiction

Myths About Covid and Diets

TikTok has also struggled to contain nonpolitical misinformation. Myths about Covid-19 run rampant, as do rumors and falsehoods about other topics like diets and health conditions. A video making the bogus claim that the mass shooting in Uvalde, Texas, in May had been staged drew more than 74,000 views before TikTok removed it.

Posts on TikTok about Russia’s war in Ukraine have also been problematic. Even experienced journalists and researchers struggle to separate truth from rumor or fabrication, according to a Shorenstein Center report.

TikTok’s design makes it a breeding ground for misinformation, researchers found. Videos can easily be manipulated and republished on the platform and showcased alongside stolen or original content. pseudonyms are common; parody and comedy videos are easily misinterpreted as fact; popularity affects the visibility of comments; and data about publication time and other details is not clearly displayed on the mobile app.

Election season can be especially difficult for TikTok moderators, says Graham Brookie, senior director of the Digital Forensic Research Lab at the Atlantic Council in Washington, D.C.

“The bottom line is that all platforms can do more and need to do more for the shared set of facts that social democracy depends on,” Brookie says. “TikTok, in particular, sticks out because of its size, its really, really rapid growth, and the number of [unresolved] issues about how it makes decisions.”

Tiffany Hsu is a tech reporter for The New York Times. With reporting by Chrisanne Grisé.

How to Spot Misleading Videos

Make sure they’re accurate before you share with friends.

CHECK THE SOURCE
Did this post come from a reputable outlet? If you’re not sure, look to see whether trustworthy media are reporting the same information.

READ THE COMMENTS CRITICALLY
Sometimes commenters may point out that stories have been debunked or provide other clues that you can google for more information.

GET HELP
Independent verification can often confirm whether something widely shared is true. Nonpartisan fact-checking sites like FactCheck.org and PolitiFact.com point out untruths in the news. Teachers and family can also help.

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