Experts say these attacks are becoming increasingly difficult to stop in part because the nature of white supremacism has changed. It used to be that white supremacists, for the most part, operated in groups, often living in the same area, says Brian Levin, director of the Center for the Study
of Hate and Extremism.
“Now,” Levin says, “so-called lone wolves are turbocharged by a fragmented and hate-filled dark web which has become a modern-day, virtual neo-Nazi boot camp available 24/7 anywhere in the world with an internet connection.”
On the internet, white nationalists can align with other radicals, become inspired, and find the resources they need to act. Although these men often act alone, the F.B.I. says that technology has allowed American terrorists to plug into a global community of terrorists who espouse similarly hateful ideologies.
The F.B.I. has sought to enlist technology companies in its efforts to combat the threat. But companies have been slow to respond—and have been shielded, in part, by the First Amendment.
“From the perspective of the courts,” says Jonathan Turley, a constitutional law expert at George Washington University, “white supremacy is a hateful but protected form of speech.”